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Frozen soil barriers are effective in diverting contaminated groundwater
to a permeable barrier ("gate") that treats the contamination as it passes
through.
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Ground freezing is a very good way to create a permeable barrier. After
installing two parallel rows of frozen walls, the unfrozen soil inside
is excavated and the treatment material (e.g., iron filings) are placed.
The frozen wall is then allowed to thaw out.
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An advantage is that the two rows of frozen soil walls can be inexpensively
recreated at a future date to allow the replacement of the treatment materials,
should they become ineffective.
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